SPECTER 2.0

SPECTER 2.0 is the successor to SPECTER and is capable of generating task specific embeddings for scientific tasks when paired with adapters.
Given the combination of title and abstract of a scientific paper or a short texual query, the model can be used to generate effective embeddings to be used in downstream applications.

Model Details

Model Description

SPECTER 2.0 has been trained on over 6M triplets of scientific paper citations, which are available here.
Post that it is trained on all the SciRepEval training tasks, with task format specific adapters.

Task Formats trained on:ima是什么软件

• Classification
• Regression
• Proximity
• Adhoc Search

It builds on the work done in SciRepEval: A Multi-Format Benchmark for Scientific Document Representations and we evaluate the trained model on this benchmark as well.ai分析软件

• Developed by:快问ai Amanpreet Singh, Mike D’Arcy, Arman Cohan, Doug Downey, Sergey Feldman
• Shared by :即梦al Allen AI
• Model type:做al视频怎么赚钱 bert-base-uncased + adapters
• License:al一键脱装入口 Apache 2.0
• Finetuned from model:百度流畅ai制作 allenai/scibert.

Model Sources

• Repository:人工智能ai哪个好 https://github.com/allenai/SPECTER2_0
• Paper:ai软件哪个比较好 https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254018137
• Demo:百度流畅ai制作 Usage

Uses

Direct Use

from Transformers人工智能ai哪个好 import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
# load model and tokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('allenai/specter2')
#load base model
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('allenai/specter2')
#load the adapter(s) as per the required task, provide an identifier for the adapter in load_as argument and activate it
model.load_adapter("allenai/specter2_adhoc_query", source="hf", load_as="adhoc_query", set_active=True)
papers = [{'title': 'BERT', 'abstract': 'We introduce a new language representation model called BERT'},
          {'title': 'Attention is all you need', 'abstract': ' The dominant sequence transduction models are based on complex recurrent or convolutional neural networks'}]
# concatenate title and abstract
text_batch = [d['title'] + tokenizer.sep_token + (d.get('abstract') or '') for d in papers]
# preprocess the input
inputs = self.tokenizer(text_batch, padding=True, truncation=True,
                                   return_tensors="pt", return_token_type_ids=False, max_length=512)
output = model(**inputs)
# take the first token in the batch as the embedding
embeddings = output.last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]

Downstream Use [optional]

For evaluation and downstream usage, please refer to https://github.com/allenai/scirepeval做al视频怎么赚钱/blob/main/evaluation/INFERENCE.md.

Training Details

Training Data

The base model is trained on citation links between papers and the adapters are trained on 8 large scale tasks across the four formats.
All the data is a part of SciRepEval benchmark and is available here.

The citation link are triplets in the form人工智能ai哪个好

{"query": {"title": ..., "abstract": ...}, "pos": {"title": ..., "abstract": ...}, "neg": {"title": ..., "abstract": ...}}

consisting of a query paper, a positive citation and a negative which can be from the same/different field of study as the query or citation of a citation.ima是什么软件

Training Procedure

Please refer to the SPECTER paper.人工智能ai哪个好

Training Hyperparameters

The model is trained in two stages using SciRepEval:即梦al

• Base Model: First a base model is trained on the above citation triplets.

batch size = 1024, max input length = 512, learning rate = 2e-5, epochs = 2 warmup steps = 10% fp16

• Adapters: Thereafter, task format specific adapters are trained on the SciRepEval training tasks, where 600K triplets are sampled from above and added to the training data as well.

batch size = 256, max input length = 512, learning rate = 1e-4, epochs = 6 warmup = 1000 steps fp16

Evaluation

We evaluate the model on SciRepEval, a large scale eval benchmark for scientific embedding tasks which which has [SciDocs] as a subset.
We also evaluate and establish a new SoTA on MDCR, a large scale citation recommendation benchmark.

Please cite the following works if you end up using SPECTER 2.0:百度流畅ai制作

SPECTER paper:百度aiapp

@inproceedings{specter2020cohan,
  title={{SPECTER: Document-level Representation Learning using Citation-informed Transformers}},
  author={Arman Cohan and Sergey Feldman and Iz Beltagy and Doug Downey and Daniel S. Weld},
  booktitle={ACL},
  year={2020}
}

SciRepEval paperal一键脱装入口

@article{Singh2022SciRepEvalAM,
  title={SciRepEval: A Multi-Format Benchmark for Scientific Document Representations},
  author={Amanpreet Singh and Mike D'Arcy and Arman Cohan and Doug Downey and Sergey Feldman},
  journal={ArXiv},
  year={2022},
  volume={abs/2211.13308}
}